阅读策略:段落

我现在去旧金山,很困惑。很多街道和很多东西,我来自克利夫兰,事情只是有点安静。为了避免迷路,我一直在使用地图,这样我总是知道我去的地方。这与阅读呢?当你阅读时,我们要谈谈,如何你想标记,使自己的路线图,这样你就不会迷路和错误在段落的细节。在这节课中,我们将讨论一些伟大的策略如何解决段落然后实践与一个真正的通道。
一般策略;你好,欢迎来到阅读策略,段落。现在节奏节课中,我们谈到了一些一般性的节奏策略阅读部分。在这节课中,我真的想挖到段落和谈论你需要寻找什么通道测试,所以你可以钉的问题。但首先,两个真正重要的事情;首先,我想让你看这一集下一集,在一个坐在一起。让我来告诉你为什么。在这节课中,我们将通过阅读他们的文章和一些很棒的策略,寻找什么,但在下一章我们将讨论的问题类型,诸如消除错误的答案的选择,然后我们将回答这些问题,我们要通过看现在。所以我不想离开你挂,试着做一个承诺同时看两集。下一个重要的事情,打印出的通道这一集之前,现在继续。 You know, I'll have chunks up here as we go through it, but it's not the same as having the whole thing in front of you and just circling it and going through it and reading it, how you would read it on a real reading test. So before we start, make a commitment to watch this episode with the next episode and print out the passage that goes with the episode.
所以让我们开始看一些一般的阅读策略。首先,我们讨论一下当我们踱步,不读的段落顺序。记得我们说过你要想读他们的顺序,感觉最舒适。假设你是一个自然科学的人,一定要先读这一段,很酷的事记住,它真的是可预测的,所以你会知道什么样的顺序的段落会。跳过,找到你最喜爱的文章,能够先做那些当你感觉非常新鲜,真的感觉很好,你可以得到这些问题,然后离开这一段,你不疯狂,离开那些结束当你变得很暴躁,当你知道时间不多了,你可能不会花很长时间,因为他们不是你的最爱。所以你要想去为了你的偏好,不是在段落的顺序出现。
接下来,标记您的通道。没有什么更糟糕的是在阅读部分,一个裸体的通道。马克在你想要它,我们会讨论在这节课中寻找什么,这样你就可以有效地回答问题。接下来,不要担心细节,学生总是问我,你知道,这里有很多细节,我需要知道什么?真的很复杂,通过充满这许多复杂的细节,不要担心细节。一个很酷的行为,有很多细节的问题,但他们通常在这些问题行参考数字。所以,如果你需要一个细节,你就会知道在哪里看通过细节的大部分时间。而不是专注于细节,不要担心,只是记下,“哦,这里有一些细节”,相反,你要想成为一个宏观的读者。你想大图片,你知道,别人的整体目的。的主要思想是什么?
所以在这节课中,我们将讨论一些策略可以只是把这个很长的复杂段落的主要思想,但首先,让我们看看,快速看一下格式,这样你就会有一个以前的样子。早些时候我们谈论这个的时候介绍,所以我要赶这个。记住,每个四个段落长约750字,每个通道上有10个问题的混合困难和35分钟40问题和四个段落。没有很多时间,大量阅读,这就是为什么你需要一些伟大的战略,我们将在一分钟内。
我们谈论了很多关于我们有四个非常复杂的通道很长,而不是大量的时间。所以我们需要一个非常激进的策略将正是我们需要钉的问题。现在我们来看看这一策略,你要想做两个席卷整个段落,很快,一个再一个,从上到下。让我告诉你关于他们,然后我会告诉你一点关于你为什么要这样做。第一次扫描,20到30秒长,所以我们这里说的不是很大的时间承诺,只是一个快速的席卷。你要寻找什么?让我来告诉你。首先,正是通过你在看源是什么?你知道喜欢上小标题,它是人文、自然科学吗?是什么样的? And then you'll have a little blurb at the top, usually about a sentence that just tells you the context. You know maybe it's from this essay, you know maybe it's from this book, okay. Just read it, you'll get an idea of where the passage is coming from. Next, you're going to want to just skim some key parts of the passage. Let me tell you what those key parts are. The big deal is just that first paragraph that you'll see, the beginning and ends of each subsequent paragraph and if you have time, skim the last paragraph that you're going to see. Think about it, this makes a lot of sense, when you read a good essay or when you read a good essay, what's important? Well, your first paragraph tells you what you're going to say. Usually that's the thesis, that's the jest, right? And then your subsequent paragraphs, just elaborate and usually the first and last sentence of the paragraphs, well, the first one introduces what the paragraph is going to talk about, where in that middle it just usually has some examples then that last sentence usually just sums up what that paragraph just said, and usually it transitions to the next paragraph. So those are the most powerful sentences in the paragraph in each one is a first and the last. And then if you keep reading, you know you got to the last paragraph, usually that will sum up what just happened in the passage. So you just skim through these really quickly, remember 20 to 30 seconds, you'll already have a really good sense of the passage and what's going on.
同时,你要调整策略根据通道类型。所以你这样做快速略读,只是几件事情根据通道类型。真的太快了。散文;只是寻找类似的人物,这是怎么回事?的人物是谁?背景是什么?你知道,它发生在哪里?不是一个大问题。当你浏览社会科学,正在讨论的话题是什么? Is it some philosophical topic, is it government? You know, just what's going on. Humanities; do you notice anything about the topic here? What discipline is being discussed? Is it somebody's art, is it somebody's music? Okay, and science too. What kind of science is it? You know, is there some big cause and effect or some big theory being discussed here. Again, very quickly, just sweeping through. Let's go on the second sweep and see what that looks like. The second sweep is reading the passage from start to finish. Now, before we go on with the second sweep, you might be thinking to yourself, "Devorah, this is kind of strange, so I just read a bunch of stuff, now you're telling me I'm going to be reading again from start to finish, what's the point? Why don't I just read it once from start to finish?" That's a great question and students always ask me that. This is a big deal, you really want to have the two sweeps, you really want to have that first 20 to 30 seconds sweep. I'll tell you why, first of all, it increases your comfort level with the passage tremendously. You know, there's a completely different feeling. If you go in to reading a passage from top to bottom with that second sweep and you already know from your first sweep exactly what it's talking about, you know, the main idea, the context, you feel really good. You almost feel a little snorted. Like you can look around the room and think, "I know something you don't know." Like you know about what the passage is going to talk about before you go through it. Instead of just digging right in and there is all this jargon and it's really complicated and all these ideas and you're reading it from top to bottom, it's a completely different feeling. If you already know a little bit before hand from that quick 30 seconds sweep, it will help your accuracy on the questions and your comfort level tremendously.
接下来,帮助如果你时间了。可能有时间就不多了,你知道,你中途通过认为,“哦,我的上帝,我要回答问题,我没有时间读完这篇文章,“你有点困。但是,如果你已经做了一个快速扫描,你了解整体,只是通过和流了。所以很多时候,你可以回答五的十问题从第一个30秒扫描。如果你困,如果你的时间不多了,不是问题,至少你可以通过运行,让你认识的问题,你有一个主意从第一个快速扫描,然后通常情况下,你甚至可以做一些猜测其他的问题仅仅因为你做了第一个扫描。和你已经有一个更好的手,即使你的时间不多了。这就是为什么你想要两个清洁工。
所以,第二次扫描,从上到下阅读。让我们走进你将做什么当你阅读从上到下。开始到结束,你会读,你知道吗?设定一个比正常阅读速度有点快。我的意思是,你知道,因为你没有很多的时间来阅读,所以你要快速阅读。精神总结每一段。所以每一段后,你要读,把第二个,想自己,刚才发生了什么?这使得你回答自己,你知道,我刚读了什么?否则,我总是有学生告诉我,“你知道,我只是意识到我阅读段落和我不知道他们刚才说什么。”You know this always happens when you read something really boring, so make a habit to stop after each paragraph and just take a second. What just happened in that paragraph? Just a quick sentence in your head to summarize. Concentrate on the central message. Remember we talked about not getting bugged down in details at all. So, as you read, think, what's the overall purpose here? What's the main idea? And you're get a focus on the big picture. Draw inferences as you read. So, train yourself to ask is like, 'I wonder' questions. We actually do this with books and material that we really like. You know you'll be reading through this book you're really into and some guy will say something to some girl and you're thinking, "Why would he say that to her, I wonder. Is he coming on to her? Is there some baggage there I don't know about?" You know kind of these read between the lines sorts of things. The ACT has a lot of questions about inferences and we'll get into them a little later when we talk about the question types. But as you read keep an eye out for this kind of innuendoes or times reading between lines and train yourself even though it's really boring to get kind of interested, if you can. What's going on here? and ask yourself, I wonder why would the author put that example there? I wonder why would she say that to him? I wonder why are they in this place at all? Things like that, drawing inferences as you read the passage.
下一个标记你的通道。我们已经讨论过这个问题。马克在你想要它,我们会讨论寻找什么。好的散文段落,你要寻找的情感内容。他们会问诸如人们的情绪,他们会问你关于洞察人物之间的关系,性格发展,类似这样的事情。所以留意只是一种感觉,一篇文章的基调,它是种triggery,是活泼的,是人物兴奋的东西,是什么心情,叙述者是谁?类似这样的事情,你会考虑在阅读一个故事。然后你的策略在其他三个段落是不同,因为这些都是事实吧?这些都是小说。在其他三个段落你要寻找这些东西。 First, cause and effect dynamics. ACT loves to ask about things causing other things, so if you see something happens and later along the line it causes something else to occur, mark it up. Author's opinion, overall purpose, remember we talked about main idea, really important. So when you see something like 'and this was my mission' or sometimes it's a little more settle or it'll be just a really strong sentence, maybe the first sentence of the paragraph and you know that everything else is falling from that sentence, mark it up, that's the main idea. So keep an eye out for author's purpose and the main idea of the passage as a whole. Next examples; remember we talked about not getting bugged down in detail so don't worry too much about examples but you want to mark where they are, just 'cause they'll give a sense of the structure of the passage. And comparisons and contrast, the ACT loves different instances or different theories or different people being compared to each other. Any time you see any kind of comparison or contrast, mark it up and we're going to do an example so you'll see what I'm talking about.
我们讨论了一些伟大的策略对阅读的段落,现在让我们练习一段。记住,你应该这已经打印出来,这样你就可以看到整个段落。这里我有是每一段一次,记住我们要做两个清洁工。首先我们要把20到30秒席卷的主要思想,寻找一些关键我们前面谈到的事情之后,我们回去做一个第二次扫描。我们会读它从上到下,突显出重要的事情。好的第一次扫描,记住我们要看看这里的标题。人文,明白这是一个人文的通道。还记得那些对艺术或音乐或有时的一个作家的文章。我们有很少的广告上。这是一段节选“自己的一个房间,”弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫写的一本书。' Okay cool maybe you've even read some Virginia Woolf in school and you have some context, if not don't worry about it. And now we're going to do that first sweep and remember we're going to look at the first paragraph as a whole, really, really quickly, then the first and last sentences of each paragraph and then the last paragraph. And as we read we're also going to look for any major people or major concepts that just happen to pop out as we very quickly read. And remember this should take you 20 to 30 seconds since I talk a lot and since I'm demonstrating is going to take a little more today.
好的,第一,我们一起读整件事情。“这是令人失望的没有在晚上带回来一些重要声明,一些真实的事实。女性比男性更穷,因为——这个或那个。“好了她的某种事实对女人,他们男人的关系。“也许现在会更好放弃寻找真相,和接收人的头上雪崩的意见热熔岩,变色,菜水。最好是拉上窗帘;排除干扰;光灯;狭窄的询盘,问历史学家,他记录没有意见但事实,描述在什么条件下女性生活,不是各个时代,但在英国,说,在伊丽莎白的时间。“我想停在这里只是一般,刚刚看到段落我们知道她正在寻找一些与女性在历史上的角色,她很失望,我们知道第一句话。
第二段,我们只做开头和结尾。”这是一个长期困惑为什么没有女人写一个字,非凡的文学当其他所有人,似乎是歌曲或十四行诗的能力。“嗯有趣所以可能这段写什么好,为什么没有女人为什么总是男人吗?好吧,最后一次课,但当网络是歪斜的,挂在边缘,在中间,左右为难人记得这些网不是在半空中旋转的非物质的生物,但人类痛苦的工作,并附加到严重物质,如健康和金钱和房子我们住在。“并没有告诉我们任何东西,这种情况继续,但通常开头和结尾的句子告诉你很多。
好下一段,“我去因此,历史站起来的架子上取下一个最新的,特里维廉教授的英格兰的历史。“好,现在我们知道她的历史书。也许这一段是讲她发现什么。这还是除了上层和中产阶级的女性选择自己的丈夫,丈夫被分配,他是主,主人,至少到目前为止,法律和自定义能够使他。所以可能整个段落和整段真的是关于妇女和他们的角色和他们的关系似乎男人和婚姻不当时,伟大的女性,她是看历史书找到。

四款;然而即便如此,特里维廉教授总结说,“无论是莎士比亚的女性和17世纪那些可信的回忆录,就像和哈钦森,似乎想要在人格和性格。嗯有趣的所以女性,实际上在写作,女性,女性角色不缺乏个性。他们有很多东西,我们有我们的最后一句话,“不是一个历史学家,更进一步说,女性可能会燃烧像灯塔在所有的所有诗人的作品的开端时期,“很多真正充满活力的东西关于妇女和一长串的例子;“麦克白夫人,罗莎琳德,贝基夏普,安娜卡列尼娜,爱玛包法利夫人的好。的群名字,也不记得女人缺乏个性和性格。所以很多你知道的,很多很复杂和有趣的女性文学。

最后一段,这是最后一段,所以我们要做的。如果女性没有存在保存在小说中写的男人,她想象一个至关重要的一个人;很不同;英雄的意思是;灿烂的和肮脏的;在极端的无限美丽和丑恶的;作为伟大的作为一个男人,有些人认为更大。但这是女人在小说中。事实上,正如特里维廉教授指出的那样,她被关押、殴打和扔在房间里。“第一个扫描是多么强大?太棒了,我们这里很整个要点。 It's all about the role of women, turns out, in literature they look great, they're really powerful, they are beautiful, they've got a lot going on and she says in real life, they were beaten they were thrown around. We get the whole gist of the paragraph and remember on your own this should only take about 30 seconds. You'll read really quickly, you'll skim through and you won't kind of deliberate like I did trying to teach it. So that's it for sweep one. Let's move on and do sweep two, we'll go through the whole passage from top to bottom and mark up what we need to know.
让我们尝试与扫描两个,记住我们要经历和马克,我们正在寻找因果、比较和对比,作者观点和主要思想的东西和例子。我们不需要标记和突出的例子但留心他们在哪里,也许只是标签,那里就是一个例子。所以让我们开始,“这是令人失望的,”第一段,所以让我们开始吧。“这是令人失望的没有在晚上带回来一些重要声明,一些真实的事实。“首先我们有这个单词令人失望,这是作者的观点,对吗?所以她失望任何调查,你知道,表明她的热情,她有一些投资,她生产。我们知道可能从我们第一次读它是关于妇女的角色或者她的研究对妇女的角色定位。好吧,女人比男人更穷,因为这个或那个,“所以她寻找信息为什么女性比男性更穷?这似乎是,因为在一开始,它就真的一篇文章的主要思想。为什么女性比男性更糟?她想知道更多关于它,我要强调这是一个主要的想法。 'Perhaps now it will be better to give up seeking for the truth,' so yeah, see she's invested, she's is seeking for a truth,' and receiving on one's head an avalanche of opinion hot as lava, discolored as dish water. It will be better to draw the curtains; to shut out distractions; to light the lamp; to narrow the enquiry and to ask the historian, who records not opinions but facts,' so I'm going to stop there for a second. Any time you've got a big contrast between the author was doing this, now she's doing that, they're usually going to ask about that, so it's a lot to mark up I wouldn't underline it but keep in mind she's saying now maybe it's better to give up seeking for the truth, instead I'm going to shut everyone out, draw the curtains, shut out distractions and I'm just going to ask the historian. And then we've got another contrast here, a shorter one so I'm going to underline it 'who records not opinions but facts.' So when you see not this but this, the ACT tends to ask about it, so mark it up. So 'the historian, records not opinions but facts, to describe under what conditions women lived not throughout the ages, but in England,' another one this gives us kind of context here. She's not looking at how women lived always but just not throughout the ages but in England, okay. 'Say in the time of Elizabeth' so that's a little more specific. Let's keep going to the next paragraph but before we do, quickly you want to ask yourself, what happened in this first paragraph just a really quick one line summary. Well the author is disappointed she is doing some research about why women are not as well off as men and she's going to look, ask the historian okay.
下一段”,这是一个永恒的谜题,为什么没有女人写一个字,非凡的文学当其他所有人,似乎是歌曲或十四行诗的能力。另一个非常重要的对比,对吧?没有写这些东西,但男人的女人,这是很重要的所以没有女人写一个字,非凡的文学和其他的人能够唱或十四行诗。这一个大问题,我们有一个很大的对比人做什么,女人在做什么。“女性生活的条件是什么?所以这似乎是她的主要问题在这个段落。“我问自己;小说,充满想象力的作品,不是像卵石在地上,科学可能;小说就像蜘蛛网附加也许非常轻,但仍在四个角落的生活。通常附件几乎察觉不到的;例如,莎士比亚的戏剧似乎挂有完整的自己。但是当网络是歪斜的,挂在边缘,在中间,左右为难人记得这些网不是由虚体生物,在半空中旋转的这个一个很长的例子你们但与我裸露的,“但是人类痛苦的工作,并附加到严重物质,如健康和金钱和房子我们住在。很多时候的行为时,有一个很长的复杂的例子,作者的观点,越长和复杂的,他们问的不太可能。 This is one where it's just kind of all over the place, I'm going to label it with a big E right here, so I know that it's an example and I'll know exactly where to look and I'm going to leave it at that and see if I even really need to delve into why that's going on.
先总结这一段然后我们将继续下一个段落。在这里她是想知道为什么没有女性作家的所有这些伟大的歌曲和十四行诗,当有很多男性作家吗?然后她说女人住在条件是什么。好吧,段三个“因此,我的书架上历史站和取下一个最新的,特里维廉教授的英格兰的历史。“好”我抬头一次女人,”这个有趣的“再一次”这是作者的观点。“再一次”意味着她这样做过,你感觉的人真的是投资于这个话题,真的热爱它。所以“我抬头一次女性,”她看着这个条目“发现”的位置,将页面显示;殴打妻子的我读,是一个公认的权利的人,被高以及低练习没有羞耻……同样,历史学家的推移,绅士的女儿拒绝嫁给她的父母的选择是容易被关押、殴打和扔在房间里,“小因果关系的东西。你知道女性拒绝做某件事,有很多虐待。我要强调这只是记住。 So you know we've got this whole 'daughter who refused to marry being locked up and beaten', not so important to underline but just the idea that you've got a cause and effect, if women weren't doing what they were told bad things were happening to them. Okay so 'the daughter who refused to marry the gentleman of her parents' choice was liable to be locked up, beaten and flung about the room, without any shock being inflicted on public opinion. Marriage was not an affair of personal affection, but a family avarice,' here's another one it wasn't this but it was this. This is kind of a comparison contrast thing going on, I'm going to underline it; 'So marriage was not an affair of personal affection, but a family avarice. Particularly in the chivalrous upper classes...Betrothal often took place while one or both of parties was in the cradle, and marriage when they were scarcely out of the nurse's charge. That was about 1470, soon after Chaucer's time.' This is a place where when she throws in these things you might want to say I wonder why would she tell us it's about 1470 soon after Chaucer's time? Maybe to gave us context about what time this is all occurring. The next reference 'to the position of women is some 200 years later in the time of the Stuart.' So she's kind of skipping ahead and that the next she reads about women, 200 years into the future. 'It was still the exception for women of the upper and middle class to choose their own husbands, and when the husband had been assigned, he was lord and and master so far at least as law and custom could make him'. Okay, so these are if you just sum up this paragraph, she's kind of going into the history of how women were treated. She opens up this historical volume, she learns that marriage wasn't something that you did because you loved somebody, it was something that was set up way in advance, women were beaten if they didn't do what they were told. And she kind of goes into some of the history you know 'in 1470' this is whole part about wife beating being okay and then even 200 years later, a man was the lord and master. When you look for reading between the lines sadulty kinds of stuff, this is an interesting line here. 'So far at least as law and custom could make him' so to the extend that law and custom made men in charge, they were. So you kind of have to think to yourself, why would that be there? There were probably cases where it wasn't like that, it's hard to believe that all relationships were that way, but probably, legally, I mean men had the upper hand.
好了,让我们进入第四段。“但即便如此”特里维廉教授总结说,“无论是莎士比亚的女性和十七世纪那些可信的回忆录,就像和哈钦森,似乎想要在人格和性格。这就是memoris这里的一个例子,好的。当然,如果我们考虑它,克利奥帕特拉和她一定有办法;麦克白夫人,人会想,有一个将自己的;罗莎琳德,一个可能的结论,是一个有吸引力的女孩,很多人物和他们的很有趣的女人。整个段落真的看起来像很多例子关于女性所以我可能把一个大E旁边当我们完成。我在哪儿?”特里维廉教授说话不超过事实讲话时,莎士比亚的女性似乎并不希望在人格和性格。没有一个历史学家更进一步说,女性可能会燃烧像灯塔在所有所有的诗人的作品从一开始的时间——克吕泰涅斯特,安提戈涅,克利奥帕特拉,麦克白夫人,费德尔克雷西达,罗莎琳德,苔丝狄蒙娜,Malfi公爵夫人,在剧作家; then among the prose writers: Milliamant, Clarissa, Becky Sharp, Anna Karenina, Emma Bovary, Madame de Guermantes- the names of flock to mind, nor do they recall women, lacking in personality and character.' So we can look at this whole paragraph as really being one major example of a lot really powerful women in literature, I'm going to put a big E next to it. Okay, and if you stop and talk about the gist of this paragraph, we've got a bunch of women literature, we have one main idea here which is that 'neither Shakespeare's women nor those of authentic seventeenth-century memoirs, really seem wanting in personality and character.' Okay that might be something you want to underline, maybe not, but the gist here is we've got a lot of great women in literature although we know actually life for women just wasn't that great.
最后一段,“事实上,如果女性没有存在保存在小说中写的男人,她想象一个至关重要的一个人;很不同;英雄的意思是;灿烂的和肮脏的;在极端的无限美丽和丑恶的;作为伟大的作为一个男人,有些人认为更大。但这是女性在小说中。事实上正如特里维廉教授指出的那样,她被关押、殴打和扔在房间里。所以这里有一个巨大的对比,对吧?这是非常重要的,我们有一个主要的对比如何在文学写的男性和女性被描述他们如何生活在现实生活中。这个段落就是这么大反差,这很重要,你可以打赌他们会问的问题。 So just to indicate that, it would be a lot of underlining to underline the entire passage, I'd underline the key contrasting words, things like 'But this is women in fiction, in fact' something else occurred 'she was locked up and beaten and flung about the room.' So you have the sense it was different in fiction, in the real life women were treated horribly.
因此,大量的信息,试着深呼吸你要做伟大的只要你练习这个策略,它将变得非常直观。真的会得到直观的你你知道寻找当你读一篇文章时,你要做伟大的回答问题。所以确保观看下一集,我们的问题类型,因为这是当我们要解决的问题,随着这一段。,你会看到我们伟大的标志这一段,我们伟大的清洁工帮助我们轻松地回答问题。首先让我们快速回顾这段插曲。我们谈论什么?我们谈论一些一般性阅读部分策略,诸如标记你的通道,这样没有得到窃听在细节,思考主要思想。我们也谈到了阅读在扫描,扫描;只是拿出的主要思想,20到30秒让你感觉非常舒服,几乎有点卑鄙。当你做你的第二个扫描,当你真正进入通道,你已经知道它在说什么,因为你的第一个扫描,你就做一个贯穿和做标记,这将帮助你回答这个问题非常有效。